The report explores trends in geospatial data, focusing on geospatial digital twins and their relevance for data.europa.eu. The platform enhances access to public-sector information by aggregating metadata from geodata and open data catalogues across Europe. Geospatial data linked to locations provides valuable insights, and the report emphasizes strengthening ties between open geospatial and broader open data communities. This annual review identifies emerging trends and opportunities to improve data.europa.eu’s support for innovative geospatial practices.

The European Union recognizes personal data protection as a fundamental right, with the GDPR outlining strict rules for processing personal data fairly, transparently, and only for specified purposes. Open data laws, developed in parallel, require public bodies to make information accessible for reuse, which can sometimes clash with data protection rules. When datasets include personal data, reconciling GDPR compliance with open data availability becomes challenging, as both the provider and reuser must manage transparency, purpose limitation, and data minimization. This often leads to avoiding personal data in open datasets, either by anonymization or exclusion, although identifying personal data accurately remains crucial.

This report investigates how the public sector can effectively reuse open data through innovative business models. It builds on a year-long campaign that included research, webinars, and focus groups, presenting findings and offering policy recommendations for Europe’s data ecosystem. The report examines the untapped economic potential of open data, which, while accessible, requires strategic business models for full impact. Key recommendations emphasize public-private partnerships, support for data literacy, and user-centric strategies to maximize the economic and social value of open data across Europe.

This report explores the implementation of high-value datasets (HVDs) across EU-27 Member States, a key step in promoting open data and cross border data reuse following the enforcement of the HVD Implementing Regulation (the Regulation). The study assesses the findability and metadata comparability of 24 HVDs from Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland, focusing on six thematic categories outlined by the Regulation. While most analysed datasets were accessible, issues such as inconsistent metadata language, absence of regulatory references, and varying levels of metadata clarity hindered usability. The report offers recommendations for improving metadata standardisation and tagging to enhance discoverability and interoperability, crucial for advancing EU-wide open data initiatives.

This report examines the concept of data ownership, noting its lack of definition and regulation at the EU level and in legal literature. Due to the non-rivalrous, non-exclusive, and inexhaustible nature of data, the focus should shift from ownership to access and usage rights. The Data Act addresses this by targeting data holders and emphasizing access and usage rights rather than ownership. This approach aligns with the open data community's principles of promoting data availability and reuse. The Act, set to become applicable on 12 September 2025, aims to streamline these rights in a consistent manner.

This paper explores the concept of data governance, emphasizing the processes and systems involved in managing the availability, usability, integrity, and security of datasets. It discusses the balance between straightforward and complex data governance systems, particularly in the context of the European data strategy and the Open Data Directive. The Directive aims to make public sector information widely available for reuse, fostering open data ecosystems, but also recognizes the need for restrictions to protect sensitive information. The paper highlights the benefits and challenges of implementing these policies, noting the recent Data Governance Act's role in supporting more nuanced data governance decisions.

This report is the first in a series, the overall objective of which is to provide a better understanding of the links between the worlds of open government data, open science and education, which are tightly interrelated but seem to be often disconnected from each other in their current activities and recommendations. In this first report we characterise three types of (potential) users and providers of open data in the research and academic contexts. This characterisation is done by developing three ‘personas’ (a climate change researcher, a lecturer on data journalism and an open data officer).

This report examines the broad impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on businesses, governments, and the global economy, emphasising its transformative potential due to AI's capacity for large-scale data analysis. The study highlights the essential role of open data in AI development, noting that substantial data volume, variety, and veracity are crucial for effective AI training. It also explores the legal and policy challenges associated with AI, such as intellectual property rights, data protection, and product liability. The analysis draws on insights from a webinar series and offers guidance for policymakers, AI companies, and the general public on navigating these complex issues.

Portugal, Serbia and Slovakia achieved large improvements in their open data maturity according to the 2023 open data maturity assessment, which annually measures the efforts of European countries in making public sector information available and stimulating its reuse. This report on open data best practices investigates the drivers behind this growth through interviews with the open data teams of these three countries. It aims to facilitate the sharing of best practices, and formulates recommendations that may be beneficial for other countries seeking to enhance their open data maturity.

This report explores Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/138, which complements the open data directive by establishing specific requirements for high-value datasets (HVDs). With the regulation taking effect on 9 June 2024, it focuses on highlighting best practices and strategies used by EU Member States in meeting these requirements. Based on interviews with representatives from seven Member States, the analysis identifies also common challenges, and it provides a roadmap for Member States to achieve compliance, aiming to improve public sector efficiency, economic opportunities, and cross-border collaboration. Key findings reveal varying degrees of adoption and challenges in HVD availability and use.